Termite guts could provide the solution to speeding up the regeneration of former iron ore mining sites.
University of Queensland researchers are working with Brazilian mining corporation Vale to determine how to promote the formation of canga, a type of iron cement crust that naturally forms as a protective layer over the top of iron ores.
UQ School of Earth Sciences researcher Dr Emma Gagen says while the team is investigating a number of lines of inquiry into microbe-mineral interactions, one line involves the gut of termites, which build nests in and over canga.
“Canga hosts very distinct ecosystems possessing unique endemic plant species, such as bromeliads, that are adapted to high iron concentrations and harsh conditions,” Gagen says.
Gagan explains that canga is broken up and moved away during the mining process to access the underlying ore.
The project is looking at ways to speed up its re-formation after mining.
“This would allow for specialised indigenous plants which grow on canga and are critical for biodiversity to be re-established faster,” she says.
Gagan explains that the gut of a termite has low-levels of oxygen, making it a great environment for microorganisms that can dissolve iron oxides in canga.
Dr Gagen says the team plan to establish a field trial in Brazil to develop a bio-remediation strategy for iron ores by re-establishing canga.
UQ School of Earth Sciences Professor Gordon Southam says the study would create economic benefits for the world's iron mining industry through advanced training in mining-related research, and through the completion of the mining life cycle by site remediation.
“This will enhance Australia's position as a global leader in providing innovative solutions to today's mining challenges,” he says.
Image: Researchers inside a Canga cave. From the University of Queensland.